MSO6988 - Hoar Oak Cottage; 19th Century house and yard at entrance to Long Chains Combe (Monument)

The remains of a 19th Century house and yard are thought to represent Hoar Oak Cottage, built by the Knights to house labourers in the Forest. They appear to have been used as a sheepfold after their original use ended.

Walls outlined on the Ordnance Survey Archaeological Division 6 inch map. [1] A D shaped enclosure with the remains of an adjoining rectangular building can be seen as an aerial photography mark. [2] SS7468 4232. This enclosure and building are situated on a natural outcrop, about 375 metres above Ordnance Datum, at the mouth of Long Chains Combe on the northwest bank of the Hoaroak Water. The D shaped stone walled enclosure, some 16 metres east to west by 13 metres, is in a poor condition. It is approached, from a track, up the side of the knoll and accessed by a stone revetted ramp to a narrow entrance in the southwest wall. There is also an entrance by a buttress in the staight northwest wall and another, now blocked, from the attached building through the curved southeast side. The enclosure appears to have had an internal partition about 4 metres parallel to the north wall. The rectangular ruined building, about 5 metres north to south by 4 metres, is attached to the northeast side of the enclosure and appears to be contemporary with it. There is an entrance in its south side and a stepped alcove in its southwest side where it abuts the enclosure. MacDermot [3] states that John Knight (shortly after he purchased over 16,000 acres of Exmoor in 1819) had cottages built for labourers and shepherds and these ruins were one of these buildings. The enclosure and building are shown unannotated on the 1891 Ordnance Survey [4] and are annotated 'Sheepfold' on the 1978 Ordnance Survey [5]. An artist's reconstruction of this sheepfold and shepherds' hut are shown in Burtons book [6]. [3-7] The rectangular building and D shaped enclosure are clearly visible on aerial photographs, apparently in a poor state of preservation. [8,9] A survey of the D shaped structure was undertaken in 2012 by Hazel Riley. Riley interprets the structure as the lost Hoar Oak Cottage in Exmoor parish [different to the Hoar Oak Cottage to the North in the parish of Lynton and Lynmouth]. Riley has indentified a rectangular building with the D shaped structure a store or outhouse. The cottage is enclosed by the semicircular wall forming a yard in front of the cottage. The dimensions and layout are very similar to other agricultural workers' cottages built on Exmoor. Hoar Oak Cottage, Exmoor was built by John Knight in the 1820s and 1830s to house labourers in the forest. It is recorded in the 1841 Census Returns as housing four Irish labourers, but is not mentioned on any other Census Returns. The cottage was built to house labourers working at the nearby 'gate-post factory' (see MSO7123). The survival of the yard wall suggests the site may have been used as a sheep enclosure once the cottage fell out of use. [12] This site is mentioned in the 2013 report by Hazel Riley, a field survey and synthesis of previous projects in the Hoaroak Valley, funded by the Exmoor Moorland Landscape Partnership Scheme. [13] The feature is depicted at SS 7468 4232 on the 2020 MasterMap data and is labelled "Sheepfold". [14] This record was enhanced as part of the National Record of the Historic Environment to Exmoor National Park Historic Environment Record data transfer project. [15] The heritage asset was assessed for inclusion on the Exmoor Local Heritage List in February 2024. It was noted that it is an unusual cottage and yard converted to sheepfold, original intention may have been to create a landmark feature with functioning structures. It is deemed to have high historical association being associated with the Knight Estate. It also has high social communal value as it is a well known landmark on the Two Moors Way and Tarka Trail being dramatically sited on a knoll. It also has a high collective value with the other buildings on the Knight Estate. It was decided to add the asset to the Local Heritage List. [16]